Length and diameter adjustable balloon catheter

ABSTRACT

Adjustable balloon catheter including an inner tubular member that has an inflation lumen defined therein. An expandable member is coupled to the distal end portion of the inner tubular member and has an inner chamber in fluid communication with the inflation lumen. The expandable member is transitionable between a deflated configuration and an inflated configuration. The expandable member defines has a non-cylindrical shape along at least a portion of a working length thereof when in the inflated configuration. An outer tubular member is movable relative to the inner tubular member, the outer tubular member includes a distal end. The outer tubular member is moveable between an extended position disposed over the expandable member and a retracted position proximal to the extended position. The outer tubular member is selectively positioned between the extended position and the retracted position to define an exposed length of the working length of the expandable member.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/US2011/052018 filed, Sep. 16, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/384,051, filed Sep. 17, 2010,the contents of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entireties herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER

1. Field of the Disclosed Subject Matter

The disclosed subject matter relates to adjustable balloon catheters fortreating the luminal systems of a patient. Specifically, the disclosedsubject matter relates to catheters having an outer tubular membermovable relative to the inner tubular member to define an exposed lengthof an expandable member.

2. Description of the Related Art

A variety of catheter devices are known in the art for treating theluminal system of a patient. Of such devices, many are directed totreating vascular systems, including both the cardiovascular system andthe peripheral system of a patient. For example, the treatment of thecardiovascular system can include the performance of angioplasty ordelivery of balloon-expandable or self-expanding interventional devices(e.g., stents, filters, coils). The treatment of the peripheral systemincludes treatment of the carotid, popliteal and renal vessels.

One such cardiovascular system treatment includes percutaneoustransluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); a procedure for treating heartdisease. This procedure generally entails introducing a catheterassembly into the cardiovascular system of a patient via the brachial orfemoral artery, and advancing the catheter assembly through the coronaryvasculature until a balloon portion thereon is positioned across anocclusive lesion. Once in position across the lesion, the balloon isinflated to a predetermined size to radially compress against theatherosclerotic plaque of the lesion to remodel the vessel wall.Subsequently, the balloon is deflated to allow the catheter assembly tobe withdrawn from the vasculature.

With treatment of the peripheral system, conventional catheters areconfigured to treat a specific type of lesion, such as short, long,diffuse, or focal lesions. As such, it is necessary to select in advancethe corresponding balloon catheter to treat the lesion of interest.However, conventional catheters are not configured to treat multiplelesions at a single time.

Furthermore, the site of the occlusive lesion can often only be reachedby a tortuous pathway through the vasculature of the patient. Thedifficulty in accessing such regions requires that a successful cathetermust be sufficiently flexible longitudinally to follow the tortuous pathto the desired site, and at the same time, sufficiently stiff axially toallow the distal end of the catheter to be pushed or otherwisemanipulated from an external access location.

To address this problem, catheters having varied flexibility along theirlength have been developed. For example, each of U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,834to Maguire and U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,655 to Burns discloses a catheterhaving sections along its length which are formed from materials havinga different stiffness; U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,690 to Solar discloses acatheter having an intermediate waist portion which provides increasedflexibility along the catheter shaft; U.S. Pat. No. 5,423,754 toCornelius discloses a catheter having a greater flexibility at itsdistal portion due to both a material and dimensional transition in theshaft; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,649,909 to Cornelius discloses a catheterhaving a proximal portion with greater stiffness due to the applicationof a polymeric coating thereto.

Such conventional methods and systems generally have been consideredsatisfactory for their intended purpose. However, there remains acontinued need in the art for an improved catheter having variedflexibility to enhance pushability, kink resistance and versatility.

In addition to PTA, PICA, and atherectomy procedures, commonly,adjustable balloon catheters are used to the peripheral system such asin the veins system or the like. For instance, an adjustable ballooncatheter is initially advanced over a guidewire to position the balloonadjacent a stenotic lesion. Once in place, the balloon is then inflated,and the restriction of the vessel is opened. Typically, ballooncatheters are structured such that they have a balloon fastened at leastat one end to the exterior of a hollow catheter shaft. The hollowinterior of the balloon is in a fluid flow relation with the hollowinterior of the shaft. Fluid under pressure can thereby be supplied tothe interior of the balloon through the shaft in order to expand theballoon against an obstruction. Unlike balloons used for cardiovascularindications, however, balloons for peripheral indications or treatmentsare generally much longer in length, for example, approximately 220 mmor more.

Catheter balloons typically are of a fixed length and diameter,necessitating the use of different sizes of balloons, for example, totreat vessels of varying diameter and lesions or occlusions of varyinglengths.

In addition to the above-described uses of balloon catheters in PTA,PTCA, atherectomy and peripheral system procedures, other ballooncatheters can be used to deliver therapeutic drugs or agents. Forexample, the drug can be coated on the exterior of the balloon.Unfortunately, when such delivery methods are used to deliver acontrolled volume of medication to a desired tissue location, thetherapeutic agent can be wiped off the surface of the balloon duringdelivery through the tortuous lumen system or otherwise lost to systemiccirculation.

In light of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved ballooncatheter having enhanced pushability and crossability, adjustability ofthe balloon catheter in vivo, and enhanced protectability of any drugspositioned on an expandable member of the balloon catheter. Embodimentsof the disclosed subject matter provide solutions for these issues.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER

The purpose and advantages of the disclosed subject matter will be setforth in and are apparent from the description that follows, as well aswill be learned by practice of the disclosed subject matter. Additionaladvantages of the disclosed subject matter will be realized and attainedby the devices particularly pointed out in the written description andclaims hereof, as well as from the appended drawings.

To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purposeof the disclosed subject matter, as embodied and broadly described, thedisclosed subject matter includes a balloon catheter. The adjustableballoon catheter includes an inner tubular member having a proximal endportion, a distal end portion, and a length therebetween, the innertubular member further having an inflation lumen defined therein. Anexpandable member is coupled to the distal end portion of the innertubular member and has an inner chamber in fluid communication with theinflation lumen. The expandable member is transitionable between adeflated configuration and an inflated configuration. The expandablemember defines a longitudinal axis and has a non-cylindrical shape alongat least a portion of a working length thereof when in the inflatedconfiguration. An outer tubular member is movable relative to the innertubular member, the outer tubular member includes a distal end. Theouter tubular member is moveable between an extended position disposedover the expandable member and a retracted position proximal to theextended position. The outer tubular member is selectively positionedbetween the extended position and the retracted position to define anexposed length of the working length of the expandable member.

Further in accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subjectmatter, an adjustable balloon catheter is provided including an innertubular member having a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, anda length therebetween, the inner tubular member further having aninflation lumen defined therein. An expandable member is coupled to thedistal end portion of the inner tubular member and has an inner chamberin fluid communication with the inflation lumen. The expandable memberis transitionable between a deflated configuration and an inflatedconfiguration, the expandable member defining a longitudinal axis andhaving a working length in the inflated configuration. An outer tubularmember is movable relative to the inner tubular member, the outertubular member including a distal end. The outer tubular member ismoveable between an extended position disposed over the expandablemember and a retracted position proximal to the extended position. Theouter tubular member is selectively positioned between the extendedposition and the retracted position to define an exposed length of theworking length of the expandable member. The inner tubular memberextends at least partially through the expandable member, the innertubular member having a plurality of inflation ports defined thereinalong the working length for fluid communication between the inflationlumen and the inner chamber.

Further in accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subjectmatter, a method of deploying a medical is provided including providingan adjustable balloon catheter including the features as previouslydescribed. The method further includes retracting the outer tubularmember in a proximal direction to define the exposed length of theworking length of the expandable member, inflating the exposed length ofthe expandable member to the inflated configuration, and deflating theexpandable member to the deflated configuration.

Further in accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subjectmatter, an adjustable balloon catheter is provided including an innertubular member having a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, anda length therebetween, the inner tubular member further having aninflation lumen defined therein. An expandable member is coupled to thedistal end portion of the inner tubular member and has an inner chamberin fluid communication with the inflation lumen. The expandable memberis transitionable between a deflated configuration and an inflatedconfiguration. The expandable member defines a longitudinal axis and aworking length along at least a portion of the expandable member. Anouter tubular member is provided having a distal end, the outer tubularmember being moveable relative to the inner tubular member between anextended position disposed over the expandable member and a retractedposition proximal to the extended position. The outer tubular member isselectively positioned to a selected position between the extendedposition and the retracted position to define an exposed length of theexpandable member. The catheter has a stiffness profile and aflexibility profile along a length thereof. At least one of thestiffness profile and the flexibility profile is selectively adjustableby the selected position of the outer tubular member relative the innertubular member.

Further in accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subjectmatter, a method of deploying a medical is provided including providingan adjustable balloon catheter including the features as previouslydescribed and moving the outer tubular member relative to the innertubular member to adjust at least one of the stiffness profile and theflexibility profile of the catheter in a proximal direction.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and are intended toprovide further explanation of the disclosed subject matter claimed.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute partof this specification, are included to illustrate and provide a furtherunderstanding of the devices of the disclosed subject matter. Togetherwith the description, the drawings serve to explain the principles ofthe disclosed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a side view of a representative balloon catheter inaccordance with the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 1B is an exploded view of the representative balloon catheter ofFIG. 1A in accordance with the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the catheter of FIG. 1A taken alongline 2-2 which has a coaxial configuration, according to an embodimentof the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an inner tubular member having amultilumen configuration, according to another embodiment of thedisclosed subject matter.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a catheter having a plurality of inflationports, according to the disclosed subject matter.

FIGS. 5A-5H are schematic side views of different embodiments of theexpandable member, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosedsubject matter.

FIGS. 6A-6D are schematic images of a catheter in accordance withembodiments of the disclosed subject matter with the retractable outertubular member selectively positioned to expose various lengths andcorresponding diameters of the expandable member.

FIGS. 7A-7C are images of catheters in accordance with the disclosedsubject matter with the retractable outer tubular member selectivelypositioned to expose various lengths of the expandable member, inaccordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 8 is an embodiment of the outer tubular member with a braidedpolymer shaft, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subjectmatter.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the outer tubular member having flushingports, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 10A shows a distal end section of a catheter with the outer tubularmember in the extended position, in accordance with an embodiment of thedisclosed subject matter.

FIG. 10B shows a representative length-stiffness graph of the innertubular member and the outer tubular member respectively, of thecatheter of FIG. 10A in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosedsubject matter.

FIG. 10C shows a resulting length-stiffness graph of the catheter ofFIG. 10A, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subjectmatter.

FIG. 11A shows a distal end section of the catheter of FIG. 10A with theouter tubular member partially retracted, in accordance with anembodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 11B shows the representative length-stiffness graph of the innertubular member and the outer tubular member, respectively, of thecatheter of FIG. 11A, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosedsubject matter.

FIG. 11C shows a resulting length-stiffness graph of the catheter ofFIG. 11A, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subjectmatter.

FIG. 12A shows a distal end section of the catheter of FIG. 10A with theouter tubular member further retracted, in accordance with an embodimentof the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 12B shows a representative length-stiffness graph of the innertubular member and the outer tubular member respectively, of thecatheter of FIG. 12A, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosedsubject matter.

FIG. 12C shows the resulting length-stiffness graph of the catheter ofFIG. 10A, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subjectmatter.

FIGS. 13A-13G are schematic side views in partial cross-section ofvarious embodiments of the inner tubular member, in accordance with anembodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 14 is a schematic cross sectional side view including an embodimentof the proximal end of a catheter in accordance with the disclosedsubject matter.

FIG. 15A-15D are various embodiments of the outer tubular member, inaccordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are schematic views of the distal end section of acatheter with the outer tubular member in the extended position and theretracted position, respectively, wherein the outer tubular member has adistal marker, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subjectmatter.

FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are schematic side views in partial cross-section ofembodiments of the distal tip of a catheter in the retracted positionand in the extended position, respectively in accordance with thedisclosed subject matter.

FIGS. 20A-20C are schematic images of alternate embodiments of distaltips of a catheter in accordance with the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the distal end ofthe catheter having gradient markers in accordance with anotherembodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 22 is a schematic side view of a distal end of the catheter withthe expandable member with an alternative marker arrangement, inaccordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.

FIG. 23A is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a multi-layerballoon in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subjectmatter.

FIG. 23B is a cross sectional view of the catheter of FIG. 23A takenalong line B-B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Presently, catheter balloon materials can be classified as compliant,semi-compliant, or non-compliant balloons. Compliance can be defined asthe increase in the balloon diameter above nominal balloon pressure.Generally, non-compliant balloons have less increase in diameter thansemi-compliant balloons, which in turn have less increase in diameterthan compliant balloons.

Compliant balloons expand and stretch with increasing pressure withinthe balloon, and are made from such materials as silicone, thermoplasticelastomers (TPEs), and polyethylene or polyolefin copolymers.Non-compliant balloons, made from such materials as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) or polyamides, remain substantially at apre-selected diameter as the internal balloon pressure increases beyondthat required to fully inflate the balloon. However, noncompliantballoons generally have relatively low flexibility and softness, so thatit has been difficult to provide a low compliant balloon with highflexibility and softness for enhanced catheter trackability. A balanceis typically struck between the competing considerations ofsoftness/flexibility and noncompliance, which, as a result, has limitedthe degree to which the compliance of catheter balloons can be furtherlowered.

Compliant balloon materials provide a degree of softness to the balloonwhich aids its passage through, and expansion within, e.g., bloodvessels. Known compliant balloon materials also can display goodabrasion and puncture resistance at thicknesses typically used formedical device balloons.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosedsubject matter, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. The disclosed subject matter will be described in conjunctionwith the detailed description of the system.

As disclosed herein, the devices presented herein can be used fortreating the luminal system of a patient. The disclosed subject matteris particularly suited for treatment of the cardiovascular system andthe peripheral system of a patient. The treatment of the cardiovascularsystem includes the performance of angioplasty or delivery ofballoon-expandable or self-expanding interventional devices (e.g.,stents, filters, coils). The treatment of the peripheral systemincludes, but is not limited to, treatment of the carotid, popliteal andrenal vessels. Accordingly, the present disclosed subject matter is alsosuitable far a variety of particular endovascular vessels.

With treatment of the peripheral system, catheters according toembodiments of the disclosed subject matter can further be used invessels with multiple lesions, such as, but not limited to, below theknee vessels. Thus, the adjustable balloon catheter according to anembodiment of the disclosed subject matter is not limited to a singlelong, short, diffuse, or focal lesion. The adjustable balloon cathetercan treat any combination lesions due to the ability of the catheter toadapt to specific lesion or combination of lesions.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosed subject matter, andadjustable balloon catheter is provided. The adjustable balloon cathetercomprises an inner tubular member having a proximal end portion, adistal end portion, and a length therebetween. The adjustable ballooncatheter further has an inflation lumen defined therein. An expandablemember is coupled to the distal end portion of the inner tubular memberand has an inner chamber in fluid communication with the inflationlumen. The expandable member is transitionable between a deflatedconfiguration and an inflated configuration. The expandable memberdefines a longitudinal axis and has a non-cylindrical shape along atleast a portion of a working length thereof when in the inflatedconfiguration. The expandable member, or balloon as depicted herein, hasan outer surface and an inner surface disposed at the distal end portionof the catheter shaft.

An outer tubular member is movable relative to the inner tubular member.The outer tubular member includes a distal end. The outer tubular memberis moveable between an extended position disposed over the expandablemember and a retracted position proximal to the extended position. Theouter tubular member is selectively positioned between the extendedposition and the retracted position to define an exposed length of theworking length of the expandable member.

Additionally or alternatively, the catheter has a stiffness profile anda flexibility profile along a length thereof. At least one of thestiffness profile and the flexibility profile is selectively adjustableby the selected position of the outer tubular member relative the innertubular member

For purpose of explanation and illustration, and not limitation, anembodiment of an adjustable balloon catheter, at least a portion ofwhich is delivered within a vasculature, is shown schematically in FIG.1A. FIG. 1B is an exploded view of FIG. 1A. Particularly and asillustrated, the adjustable balloon catheter 100 includes an innertubular member (or catheter shaft) 110 having a proximal end portion, adistal end portion, and a length therebetween. The inner tubular member110 can include a variety of suitable configurations. For example, butnot limitation, in one embodiment the inner tubular member can comprisean over-the-wire (OTW) configuration. In this embodiment, the innertubular member includes a guidewire lumen 150 extending generally acrossthe entire length of the inner tubular member. A guidewire 160 can beintroduced into the guidewire lumen 150, in a conventional manner asknown.

Alternatively, the catheter can be configured with a rapid exchangeconfiguration (RX). In this embodiment, a guidewire lumen 150 extends toa proximal guidewire port spaced distally from a proximal end portion ofthe inner tubular member. In either the OTW or the RX configuration, theinner tubular member can be provided with a co-axial arrangement or amulti-lumen arrangement. Further, the inner tubular member can be asingle tube or an assembly of components coupled together. For purposeof example, and not limitation, the inner tubular member of the catheterembodied herein for peripheral vascular use includes a tapered L12 shaftwith an outer diameter of approximately 1.08 mm, and a length ofapproximately 120 cm. Those skilled in the art will recognize that otherconfigurations and known materials of construction can be used withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosed subject matter.

For example, and as shown in FIG. 2, for the purpose of illustration andnot limitation, a representative cross-sectional view of a co-axialarrangement is provided. The cross-sectional view is taken along lines2-2 of FIG. 1A. In this manner, the inner tubular member can furtherinclude a guidewire tube 151 defining the guidewire lumen 150 therein,and an inflation lumen 130 defined annularly between the inner tubularmember 110 and the guidewire tube 151. Further, the guidewire lumen canbe formed by a thin membrane of suitable strength to prevent theguidewire from penetrating therethrough and minimize increases incross-sectional profile of the inner tubular member. Alternatively, theguidewire tube 151 can be a multilayer construction, such as, but notlimited to, a layer of Nylon-L25, a bonding layer such as Prim, and alayer of high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

In accordance with another embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 3, the innertubular member can be a multi-lumen arrangement. For example, but notlimitation, the inner tubular member 110 can be a monolithic member withthe multi-lumen arrangement. In such embodiment, the inner tubularmember 110 defines an inflation lumen 130 and a guidewire lumen 150,therein. The guidewire lumen 150 permits the catheter 100 to bedelivered over a guidewire 151.

In either embodiment, the inner tubular member 110 comprises an exteriorsurface 111 and defines the inflation fluid lumen 130 therein. Theinflation lumen is in fluid communication with the inner chamber of theexpandable member 140, as described further below. The inflation lumen130 defines a pathway for fluid to travel along the inner tubular member110. Fluid can be introduced into the fluid lumen 130 at a proximal endof the catheter 100 via a luer adaptor or the like. The inflation lumen130 can supply an inflation medium under positive pressure and canwithdraw the inflation medium, e.g., by negative pressure, from theexpandable member. The expandable member can thus be inflated anddeflated, as further discussed below.

In an alternate embodiment, the inflation lumen and the guidewire lumenare combined and comprise a single shared lumen. For such co-axialarrangements, fluid can thus flow within the shared lumen with aguidewire 151 positioned therein. In such configuration, the innertubular member 110 can comprise proximal and distal guidewire seals tosealingly engage the guidewire 151 disposed within the fluid lumen. Theshared lumen can further have a stop, alone or in addition to the seals,at the distal end to allow the guidewire to proceed past the distal endof the catheter and to prevent the fluid from escaping the shared lumen.The seal or stop provides a recess to allow the guidewire to continue inthe guidewire lumen. Such coaxial configurations allow for reduceddiameter of the inner tubular member, and thus reduced profile.

As depicted in FIG. 1A, an adapter or manifold 101 can be provided atthe proximal end of the catheter for access to the inflation lumen andis configured for connecting to a fluid source (not shown). The manifoldcan have a Y-shape with a luer connector at the proximal end of onebranch to receive the fluid source, and a separate hemostatic valve onanother branch to receive a guidewire. A conventional device, such asbut not limited to an indeflator or a syringe, can be connected to theluer connector to introduce the fluid to the fluid lumen. A lockingmechanism can further be provided to lock the operating position of theindeflator or syringe.

The indeflator or other fluid source can be configured to control theinflation and deflation of the expandable member. A pressure gauge canbe provided with the indeflator to monitor and/or maintain the pressuresystem of the catheter. The indeflator likewise can allow for the rapidrelease of pressure. The indeflator can have a locking mechanism tomaintain negative pressure in the catheter, which can decrease theprofile of the catheter. The catheter is sized and configured fordelivery within a body lumen, such as a vasculature, and particularlythrough a tortuous anatomy.

As previously noted, an expandable member is coupled to the distal endportion of the inner tubular member. The expandable member 140, orballoon as depicted herein, has an exterior surface and an interiorsurface. The interior surface of the expandable member defines an innerchamber in fluid communication with the inflation lumen 130 of the innertubular member. In accordance with one aspect, the inner tubular membercan extend at least partially through the expandable member. For purposeof illustration and not limitation, FIG. 4 shows the inner tubularmember extending the entire length of the expandable member. As embodiedherein, the plurality of inflation ports 601 can be defined in the innertubular member along the working length of the expandable member toensure fluid communication with the inner chamber 35. The plurality ofinflation ports provides enhanced inflation and deflation of theexpandable member through compressed areas.

The expandable member 140 is transitionable between a deflatedconfiguration and an inflated configuration. The outer tubular member120, as described further below, is retracted in a proximal direction todefine an exposed length of the expandable member. The expandable memberhas an overall length with a working length extending at least a portionof the overall length. The expandable member defines a longitudinal axisand can have a non-cylindrical shape along at least a portion of theworking length thereof when in the inflated configuration. As embodiedherein, for illustration and not limitation, at least a portion of theexterior surface of the expandable member along the working length isconfigured to engage a body lumen of a patient when the expandablemember is in the inflated configuration.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosed subject matter, a varietyof different shapes can be used for the expandable member, wherein theshape of the expandable member can depend upon the desired application.As embodied herein, at least a portion of the working length of theexpandable member has a non-cylindrical shape when in the inflatedconfiguration. In one embodiment, the expandable member includes acylindrical shape along a portion of the working length in the inflatedconfiguration. In further embodiments, the shape can have furthersuitable shapes, such as non-cylindrical, as discussed herein.

For purpose of explanation and illustration, and not limitation, FIGS.5A-H are examples of various suitable shapes of the expandable member.For instance, FIG. 5A is a schematic view of the distal end of thedisclosed catheter showing the exposed length of the expandable memberin its inflated configuration with a frustoconical, generally conical,or tapered shape with the narrower end located at the distal end of theexpandable member. The outer diameter of the expandable member of thisembodiment increases toward the proximal end of the expandable member.Alternatively, FIG. 5B is schematic view of another embodiment of thedistal end of the disclosed catheter showing the exposed length of theexpandable member in its inflated configuration with a frustoconical,generally conical, or tapered shape where the narrower end is located atthe proximal end of the expandable member, such that the outer diameterof the expandable member increases toward the distal end of theexpandable member. In this manner, the overall diameter of theexpandable member when inflated can be selected depending upon theexposed length of the expandable member.

That is, by retraction of the outer tubular member 120, as describedfurther below, the outer diameter of the expandable member is adjustablebased upon the selected exposed length of the expandable member. For thepurpose of explanation and illustration, and not limitation, FIGS. 6A-Ddepict an embodiment of a conical expandable member in accordance withthe disclosed subject matter. The outer diameter of the inflatedexpandable member at the proximal end is greater than and taperscontinuously toward the outer diameter of the expandable member at thedistal end of the balloon. For example, if the outer diameter isapproximately 6 mm at the proximal end and decreases to about 2 mm atthe distal end of the balloon, then the overall diameter would be about4 mm at the proximal end if only half the working length is exposed. Theoverall diameter of the expandable member is thus selected as themaximum diameter of the exposed length.

FIG. 6A shows the outer tubular member 120 completely extended in theextended position. FIGS. 6B and 6C show the outer tubular memberselectively positioned in retracted positions to expose various lengthsand diameters of the expandable member. In this embodiment, as the outertubular member is retracted, the expandable member increases in diameterin the inflated configuration due to the conical configuration of theexpandable member. FIG. 6D shows the outer tubular member furtherretracted. The length of the expandable member can vary depending uponthe desired application and intended use. The length and diameter of theexpandable member can thus be adjusted by selectively retracting theouter tubular member. Those skilled in the art will recognize that theexpandable member can be formed in various different shapes and sizeswhich are not shown without departing from the scope of the disclosedsubject matter.

In a further embodiment, the non-cylindrical shape of the expandablemember includes a distal end section having a first diameter and aproximal end section having a second diameter when in the inflatedconfiguration. The first diameter can be different than the seconddiameter. For example, but not limitation, the non-cylindrical shape ofthe expandable member can have a stepped configuration. FIGS. 5C and 5Dare schematic views of two embodiments of a stepped configuration withthe expandable member in the inflated configuration. The outer diameterof the expandable member of FIG. 5C decreases with distance toward thedistal end of the expandable member. The outer diameter of theexpandable member of FIG. 5D increases with distance toward the distalend of the expandable member. Although only three steps are depicted ineach of FIGS. 5C and 5D, any number of steps can be provided as desiredas needed.

As provided in FIG. 5E, the expandable member can be a helical shapealong the longitudinal axis in the inflated configuration. The helicalshape extends radially from the longitudinal axis at a substantiallyconstant distance along the working length in the inflatedconfiguration. Accordingly, the exterior surface of the helical shapedexpandable member remains at a substantially constant distance from thelongitudinal axis. The exterior surface of the expandable member in theinflated configuration thus can define a helical flow path along thelongitudinal axis. As with the spiral shape, the helical flow pathprevents occlusions and fluid flow can continue across the catheterdefined between the exterior surface of the expandable member and thewall of the body.

FIG. 5F is a schematic view of an expandable member including a spiralshape along the longitudinal axis in the inflated configuration. Thespiral shape extends radially from the longitudinal axis at a varieddistance along the working length in the inflated configuration.Accordingly, an exterior surface of the spiral shaped expandable membercan vary in distance from the longitudinal axis. Further, the exteriorsurface of the expandable member in the inflated configuration thus candefine a spiral flow path along the longitudinal axis. The spiral flowpath prevents occlusion of the body lumen of a patient when theexpandable member is in the inflated configuration. The spiral flow paththus allows fluid flow to continue across the catheter via the spiralflow path defined between the exterior surface of the expandable memberand the wall of the body lumen of a patient.

According to another embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, anexterior surface of the expandable member can define at least oneisolated chamber along the longitudinal axis in the inflatedconfiguration, as depicted in FIG. 5G. In this embodiment, theexpandable member includes different diameters along the length of theexpandable member. For example, and not limitation, the expandablemember can have at least two segments of the working length, each havinga maximum outer diameter of at least the diameter of the body lumen ofthe patient at the site of treatment. Between the at least two segments,the expandable member has a further segment of the exposed length of theworking length between the two segments and having an outer diameterwhen in the inflated condition less than the maximum outer diameter ofeither of the two segments to define the at least isolated one chamber.The expandable member can further include a plurality of isolatedchambers spaced apart along the working length. The segments can have avariety of shapes, including spherical, frustroconical, or cylindrical.In embodiments having a plurality of cylindrical shapes, each adjacentcylindrical shape can have a different diameter to further defineisolated chambers between adjacent cylindrical shapes.

As depicted in FIG. 5H, The exterior surface of the expandable membercan be configured to define one or more longitudinal flow paths 55 alongthe longitudinal axis. For example, and as embodied herein forillustration and not limitation, the expandable member can include avariety of non-circular cross-sections such as square, U-shape or petalshaped along its longitudinal axis in the inflated configuration. Thelongitudinal flow path allows blood to continue distally past thecatheter defined between the exterior surface of the expandable memberand the walls of the body lumen of a patient.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, theexpandable member can be configured relative the outer tubular member soas to be completely exposed the entire length of the expandable member.In this manner, the proximal end of the expandable member will not beexposed when the outer tubular member is fully retracted as describedfurther below, so as to allow the outer tubular member to be moved orreturned distally relative to the inner tubular member. Thus, a foldedballoon configuration can be used for the expandable member. Forexample, when the outer tubular member is in the extended configurationand positioned over the expandable member, the expandable member is in afolded arrangement within the outer tubular member. As the outer tubularmember is retracted and the expandable member is inflated, the workinglength of the expandable member is no longer folded. However, a proximalportion of the expandable member will remain within the outer tubularmember with the proximal portion folded within the outer tubular member.The folded proximal portion of the expandable member thus facilitatesrefolding of the expandable member after the expandable member isdeflated and the outer tubular member is moved distally.

For purpose of example, the catheter and method as disclosed herein forrefolding can be used for relatively long balloon lengths, such asperipheral balloons. In one embodiment, for purpose of example, theexpandable member is a long balloon and has a length of approximately220 mm. The approximate maximum working length of the expandable membercan be approximately 200 mm, whereas the approximate folded proximalportion of the expandable member can be approximately 20 mm. Likewise,the refolding technique can be used with an expandable member having ashort length, such as approximately 120 mm. In this embodiment, themaximum working length of the expandable member can be approximately 100mm and the approximate folded proximal portion remaining in the outertubular member can be approximately 20 mm.

To prevent the outer tubular member from being retracted beyond thedesired working length, a stop mechanism can be employed. For example,but not limitation, the distal end of the catheter luer or other memberconfigured to abut the proximal end of the outer tubular member preventfurther movement of the outer tubular member with the proximal end ofthe expandable member still partially covered by the distal end of theouter tubular member.

In a further embodiment, the proximal end portion of the expandablemember can include a reinforced proximal sleeve. The reinforced proximalsleeve can assist in resisting puncture of the expandable member, suchas if the expandable member is to be inflated and deflated a number oftimes. The reinforced proximal sleeve can further protect the expandablemember from the outer tubular member including any reinforcement of theouter tubular member if provided. The distal edge of the reinforcedproximal sleeve can include a radiopaque material or have a suitabledensity to allow far radiopacity. The reinforced proximal sleeve alsocan prevent trumpeting effects of the outer tubular member and canreduce the kink stress along the expandable member. The reinforcedproximal sleeve can also allow for refolding of the folded arrangementof the expandable member within the outer tubular member.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, atherapeutic agent can be disposed on the expandable member. In thismanner, the outer tubular member can protect the therapeutic agentduring delivery of the catheter to the selected site. Additionally, theamount and location of drug released will be a function of the exposedlength of the expandable member. The therapeutic agent can be for thetreatment of a disease. Examples of suitable therapeutic agents includeanti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antiplatelet,anti-coagulant, anti-fibrin, antithrombotic, antimitotic, antibiotic,antiallergic and antioxidant compounds. Such therapeutic agents can be,again without limitation, a synthetic inorganic or organic compound, aprotein, a peptide, a polysaccharides and other sugars, a lipid, DNA andRNA nucleic acid sequences, an antisense oligonucleotide, an antibodies,a receptor ligands, an enzyme, an adhesion peptide, a blood clot agentincluding streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator, an antigen, ahormone, a growth factor, a ribozyme, and a retroviral vector.

In one embodiment, however, the therapeutic agents include a cytostaticdrug. The term “cytostatic” as used herein means a drug that mitigatescell proliferation but allows cell migration. These cytostatic drugs,include for the purpose of illustration and without limitation,macrolide antibiotics, rapamycin, everolimus, zotaroliumus, biolimus,temsirolimus, deforolimus, novolimus, myolimus, structural derivativesand functional analogues of rapamycin, structural derivatives andfunctional analogues of everolimus, structural derivatives andfunctional analogues of zotarolimus and any marcrolide immunosuppressivedrugs. The term “cytotoxic” as used herein means a drug used to inhibitcell growth, such as chemotherapeutic drugs. Some non-limiting examplesof cytotoxic drugs include vincristine, actinomycin, cisplatin, taxanes,paclitaxel, and protaxel. Other drugs include dexamethasone, statins,sirolimus, and tacrolimus.

In addition to the therapeutic agent, any of a variety of fluidcompositions can be applied to the expandable member. The fluid caninclude compounds or additives, such as polymers, binding agents,plasticizers, solvents, surfactants, additives, chelators, fillers,excipients, and the like, or combinations thereof. Suitable excipients,binding agents and other components include those described in detail inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/636,079, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety. In one embodiment, excipientsinclude poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP),polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (tweens), poloxamer triblockcopolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyleneoxide) (Pluronics), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and PEG phospholipidssuch as1,2-distearolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000) (PEG-PE). In one embodiment, plasticizers include PEG,propylene glycol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), glycerin, and tweens.Examples of possible compounds include zotarolimus, PVP and glycerol. Inone embodiment the therapeutic agent can be provided in liquid form ordissolved in a suitable solvent. In another embodiment, the therapeuticagent is provided as a particulate and mixed in a suitable carrier forapplication as a fluid.

The fluid compositions, such as the therapeutic agents, can be appliedto the expandable member using a variety of know techniques, such asspraying (air-atomization, ultrasonic, electrostatic, piezoelectric,etc.), spray drying, pneumatic spray, spray with patterning,electrospinning, direct fluid application, dip-coating, spin-coating,pipette coating, syringe coating, vapor deposition, roll coating,micro-droplet coating, ultrasonic atomization, or other means as knownto those skilled in the art. The coating can be applied over at least alength or the entirety of the expandable member. By way of example, andnot limitation, certain coating processes that can be used with theinstant disclosed subject matter are described in U.S. Pat. No.6,669,980 to Hansen; U.S. Pat. No. 7,241,344 to Worsham; U.S.Publication No. 2004/0234748 to Stenzel; and U.S. Patent ApplicationSer. No. 61/345,575, the entire disclosures of which are herebyincorporated by reference. In accordance with one embodiment of thedisclosed subject matter, the coating can be applied to either a foldedor inflated balloon. Furthermore, the coating can be directly appliedinto the folds of the folded balloons. The coating characteristics areaffected by process variables. For example, for dip-coating process,coating quality and thickness can vary as an effect of variables such asnumber, rate, and depth of dips along with drying time and temperature.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, theexpandable member can include microcapsules on its outer surface. Inthis regard, the microcapsules are configured to encompass the coatingand/or therapeutic agent. Upon inflation of the expandable member themicrocapsules located on the surface of the expandable member contactthe tissue of the arterial wall. Alternatively, the microcapsules can beformed in the wall of the expandable member surface or on the tissueengaging member. The coating and/or therapeutic agent can be releasedfrom the microcapsules by fracturing of the microcapsules and/ordiffusion from the microcapsule into the arterial wall. Themicrocapsules can be fabricated in accordance with the methods disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,402 to Dror or U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,705 to Grantzand the patents referenced therein, each of which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

As previously disclosed, the catheter further includes an outer tubularmember or sheath. For example, and as embodied for illustration and notlimitation, FIGS. 1A and 1B and FIG. 2 illustrate the outer tubularmember 120 has a proximal end, a distal end, a length, and an interiorsurface 121. The inner tubular member 110 is positioned within the outertubular member 120 at the distal end of the catheter 100, such that theinterior surface 121 of the outer tubular member 120 is directed towardthe exterior surface 111 of the inner tubular member 110. The outertubular member 120 is movable relative to the inner tubular member 110along a length of the inner tubular member 110. For example, the outertubular member 120 can be retracted in a direction A toward the proximalend of the catheter or extended distally. The outer tubular member 120can be disposed at a distal end portion of the catheter or can extendthe entire length of the catheter. The outer tubular member has a lengthat least equal to the length of the expandable member 140.

The outer tubular member 120 is movable relative the inner tubularmember 110 between an extended position disposed over the expandablemember 140 and a retracted position proximal to the extended position.The working length of the expandable member represents the maximumlength that can be exposed outside the outer tubular member. The outertubular member is selectively positioned between the extended positionand the retracted position to define an exposed length of the workinglength of the expandable member, as further discussed herein.Additionally, the outer tubular member is selectively positioned toselectively adjust the stiffness profile and/or the flexibility profilealong the length of the catheter as further described herein.

For purpose of explanation and illustration, and not limitation, FIGS.7A-7C depict schematics of a representative catheter in accordance withthe disclosed subject matter. The adjustable outer tubular member 120 isselectively positioned to expose various lengths of the expandablemember. FIG. 7A depicts the adjustable outer tubular member 120retracted a first distance D1 in the proximal direction A to expose afirst exposed length L1 of the working length of the expandable member.FIG. 7B depicts the adjustable outer tubular member 120 retracted asecond distance D2 to expose a second exposed length L1 of the workinglength of the expandable member. FIG. 7C depicts the adjustable outertubular member 120 retracted a third distance D3 to expose a thirdexposed length L3 of the working length of the expandable member. Thefurther the outer tubular member is retracted, the greater portion ofthe length of the balloon can be exposed.

A variety of actuators can be used to move the outer tubular memberbetween the retracted position and the extended position. For example,the proximal end of the outer tubular member can be moved or otherwiseactuated by a push-pull handle assembly. The outer tubular member canalso be extended and retracted through the use of actuators as disclosedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,780,716 and 7,799,065, and U.S. patent applicationPublications 2005/0182475 and 2007/0191864, the contents of which areincorporated herein in their entirety.

The outer tubular member can be provided with a generally constantcross-section or diameter. Alternatively, the outer tubular member candefine a first external diameter at its proximal end, and a second,different external diameter at its distal end. The first diameter can besmaller than the second diameter, or vice versa. For example, and inaccordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, the outertubular member can have a first diameter of about 4 French and a seconddiameter of about 5 French, although these dimensions can vary dependingon the desired application.

In accordance with this aspect of the disclosed subject matter, a stepcan be provided to allow for the change in diameter between the proximalend and distal end of the outer tubular member 120. The step allows forthe change in diameter to occur over a longer or shorter distance alongthe outer tubular member, depending on the application. Alternatively, amore gradual taper can be provided if desired.

The outer tubular member 120 protects the expandable member 140, and anycoating or therapeutic agent on the expandable member, if provided,during delivery of the expandable member through a body lumen of apatient to the target site. In one aspect of the disclosed subjectmatter, the outer tubular member can prevent the release of drug fromthe surface of the expandable member prior to deployment at the desiredsite such that drug loss is minimized. The outer tubular member can beutilized to protect the coating of therapeutic agent from releasing fromthe expandable member during the movement of the adjustable ballooncatheter through the body lumen. Furthermore, the outer tubular membercan also protect the coating during shipping and storage before use.

In another embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, the inner surfaceof the outer tubular member is further formed having a non-uniformsurface, such as a repeating pattern formed therein, the pattern forminga sinusoidal pattern about the circumference of the tubular member. Byforming the surface in the manner described, frictional forces betweenthe inner surface of the outer tubular member and the outer surface ofthe expandable member can be reduced by forming points of contactbetween the two surfaces instead of a continuous surface contact betweenthe two surfaces. The multiple contact points reduce friction betweenthe outer tubular member and the expandable member thereby requiringless force to retract the outer tubular member during use. The outertubular member can be fabricated as a unitary member or fabricated ofmore than one element.

The outer tubular member can be constructed of a single layer ofsuitable material. For example, a suitable material can include, but isnot limited to, polymer materials such as nylon, urethane, polyurethane,PEEK, PTFE, PVDF, Kynar, PE, HDPE, a trilayer material including L25,Plexar, or polyethylene of various suitable densities. The thickness ofthe single layer can vary in thickness along the length of theadjustable length catheter. Alternatively, the thickness of the singlelayer can remain substantially constant.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, theouter tubular member can comprise a multilayer member and include, forexample, an outer layer and an inner layer. The inner layer can beattached to or formed with the outer layer. For example, the multiplelayers can be formed in a number of suitable manners including, but notlimited to, separately and adhered or bonded together or co-extruded asa single member. The inner layer or liner can include a lubriciousmaterial to facilitate the sliding of the outer tubular member in aproximal direction when the outer tubular member is retracted. Forexample, different types of polymers such as PTFE or high-densitypolyethylene (HDPE) can be used for the inner layer. Additionally, othersuitable lubricious polymers can be used. If desired, the inner layer ofthe outer tubular member can be formed with a varied wall thickness. Forexample, the wall thickness can be greater at the distal end than at theproximal end. The outer layer, alone or in combination with the innerlayer, can provide sufficient strength to capture a medical devicetherein, as well as allow movement between extended position and theretracted position. Furthermore, the outer tubular member has sufficientaxial strength or stiffness to enhance pushability of the catheter asdesired and described further below.

In further accordance with the disclosed subject matter, the outertubular member can include a reinforcing layer, such as braidedmaterial, disposed between the outer layer and the inner layer. Forexample, the reinforcing layer can be provided in the form of braidedstainless steel filaments having rectangular or otherwise flattenedcross-sections. Other woven or braided material likewise can be used,such as carbon fibers encased in a polymeric matrix. Likewise,reinforcing fibers can additionally or alternatively be incorporatedbetween or into the inner layer and/or outer layer during themanufacturing process. The reinforcing layer need not be present throughthe entire length of the outer tubular member. Indeed, and in accordancewith another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, the reinforcinglayer can be provided or varied along selected portions of the outertubular member or the inner tubular member to alter the flexibilityand/or stiffness profiles therefrom. For example, the reinforcing layercan provided along the proximal portion the outer tubular member only.In one embodiment for purposes of illustration and not limitation, theouter tubular member can include an inner layer of PTFE with an innerdiameter of 1.14 mm, a braided reinforcing layer of 0.0254 mm×0.0762 mmof 304V stainless steel wire at 25 PIC, and an outer layer of nylon withan inner diameter of 1.265 mm.

In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, theouter tubular member can have a wall thickness of about 6.0 mil, whereininner layer and reinforcing layer have a thickness of about 2.0 mil, andouter layer has a thickness of about 4.0 mil. Wherein the dimensionsabove are provided as examples and should not be considered limiting inany manner.

When the outer tubular member is provided with an inner layer, outerlayer and a reinforcing layer the outer tubular member can be formed inthe following manner. First, the inner layer is formed through a tubularextrusion process, and disposed about a forming mandrel (not shown). Theforming mandrel can have a shape that corresponds to the desired shapeof the inside of the outer tubular member. The reinforcing layer can beprovided in the form of a stainless steel braid material and ispositioned over a predetermined length of inner layer, e.g. a distalportion of the inner layer can remain uncovered by the reinforcingmaterial. The outer layer is then extruded over the reinforcing layer.The outer layer can be provided in the form of two separate tubularmembers that are overlapped slightly at their ends over reinforcinglayer. Each portion of outer layer can be a different material selectedto provide a different durometer as desired. The two portions of outerlayer can overlap by an amount, such as, but not limited to, about2.0-2.5 MM. Next, a sleeve of heat shrinkable material is positionedover the entire outer tubular member assembly. When heat is applied tothe assembly, the heat shrinkable tubing shrinks and causes inner layerto fuse with outer layer, trapping reinforcing layer therebetween. Theheating process also causes inner layer to conform to the shape of theforming mandrel. Thus, if it is desired to have an outer tubular memberwith a varied and/or stepped diameter as described above, the mandrelcan be formed accordingly. After the assembly cools, the heat shrinkabletubing is cut away, leaving behind the outer tubular member 120.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matterreferring to FIG. 8, for purpose of illustration and not limitation, analternative embodiment of an outer tubular member 120 is shown. At leasta portion of the outer tubular member, e.g. the distal end portion, asshown, is formed of a brained polymer sleeve with a marker 801 at itsdistal end. The braided polymer sleeve increases flexibility andsoftness of the outer tubular member. Additionally, to improveflexibility, the spiral plastics can be used in the construction of theouter tubular member. The marker can be a radiopaque metallic ring orother member suitable for the intended use. Alternatively, the markercan be constructed using tungsten loaded polymer plastics for increasedsoftness. Other suitable known markers can be used, as further discussedherein.

In a further embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, a flushinglumen 170 is defined between the inner tubular member and the outertubular member, as depicted in FIG. 9. In accordance with anotheraspect, the outer tubular member includes at least one flushing port 901defined therethrough in fluid communication with the flushing lumen, asdepicted in FIG. 9. A fluid, such as but not limited to, a contrastmedia or therapeutic agent, can be introduced into the flushing lumen byan adapter in communication therewith. The contrast media or agent canexit the flushing lumen 170 via the at least one flushing port 901.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, thecatheter has a stiffness profile and a flexibility profile wherein atleast one of the stiffness and the flexibility is selectively adjustableby the selected position of the outer tubular member relative the innertubular member. For example, and as embodied herein, the stiffnessand/or flexibility profile of the catheter can be a function of astiffness and/or flexibility profiles, respectively, of the componentsof the adjustable balloon catheter. That is, the inner tubular membercan have a stiffness profile along the length thereof. A plurality offactors can effect the stiffness of the inner tubular member including,but not limited to, the materials of construction of the inner tubularmember, the thickness of the inner tubular member, the application ofradiopaque markers, the application of an inner tubular member tip, thelength of an expandable member coupled thereto, and other applicablefactors as further described. Similarly, the plurality of factorstogether define the stiffness and/or flexibility profile of the innertubular member.

As desired, and in accordance with another aspect herein, the innertubular member and the outer tubular can further include a definedsection of increased axial stiffness and/or longitudinal flexibility,respectively. For instance, the tip of the inner tubular member canprovide an increased axial stiffness at the distal end of the distal endportion. FIG. 10A depicts the distal end of the inner tubular member 110with a tip 61. FIG. 10B shows a representative length-stiffness graph ofan example stiffness profile of the inner tubular member. The innertubular member in this example has a tip and the stiffness of the innertubular member is represented by the line IM. For example, the distaltip 61 can include a multi-layer construction. The multilayer tip caninclude a rigid material, such as, but not limited to Nylon (L25) and aflexible material. The rigid material can provide infrastructure for thecatheter during multiple lesion crossings. In one embodiment, the tipcan be laser welded to the inner tubular member.

The outer tubular member can also include a stiffness and/or flexibilityprofile along the length thereof. A plurality of factors can also affectthe stiffness and/or flexibility of the outer tubular member, including,but not limited to, the materials of construction, the thickness,markers, tips, and the like. The outer tubular member can include adefined section of increased axial stiffness and/or flexibility. Forinstance, the tip of the outer tubular member can increase the axialstiffness of the outer tubular member. The plurality of factors cantogether comprise the stiffness profile of the outer tubular member.FIG. 10B shows a representative length-stiffness graph of an examplestiffness profile of the outer tubular member. As depicted in FIG. 10A,the outer tubular member in this example has a tip and the stiffness ofthe outer tubular member is represented by the line OM. The tip of theouter tubular member can elongate the distal end of the catheter toenhance positioning of the outer tubular member for better lesioncrossing.

In accordance with the disclosed subject matter, the stiffness profileof the catheter as a whole can be a function of the stiffness profile ofthe inner tubular member, the stiffness profile of the outer tubularmember, and the selected position of the outer tubular member relativethe inner tubular member. The catheter stiffness profile can vary basedon the selected position of the outer tubular member relative the innertubular member. For a given selected position of the outer tubularmember relative the inner tubular member, the catheter stiffness profilecan change as needed and desired, in vivo.

FIG. 10C shows a length-stiffness graph of an example stiffness profileof the catheter having the stiffness profile of the inner tubular memberand the stiffness profile of the outer tubular member as depicted inFIG. 10A. In this embodiment, for illustration and not limitation, theouter tubular member is in the extended position such that the length ofthe outer tubular member is equal to the length of the inner tubularmember at position L, as depicted in the graph of FIG. 10B. The line Cof FIG. 10C represents the combination of the first stiffness profile(stiffness profile of the inner tubular member) with the secondstiffness profile (stiffness profile of the outer tubular member). Inthis embodiment, the outer tubular member is in the extended position.At a given position along the length of the catheter, the catheter willhave a given stiffness based on the graph of FIG. 10C. The selectedposition of the outer tubular member can control the given stiffness ofthe catheter. In the embodiment of FIGS. 10A and C, the outer tubularmember is in the extended position and the catheter has the stiffnessprofile as shown in FIG. 10C. For example, but not limitation, inrelation to FIG. 10C, at position Q along the length of the catheter,the catheter according to this example has a stiffness of T as the outertubular member remains at length L. However, when at length Z of thecatheter, the catheter has a stiffness of S. The line C furtherdemonstrates the change in stiffness between lengths Q and Z.

FIG. 11A depicts the catheter of FIG. 10A, with the outer tubular memberretracted a distance L-N. FIG. 11B depicts the length-stiffness graph ofthe inner tubular member and the outer tubular member of FIG. 10A,wherein the selected position of the outer tubular member is changedaccordingly. As represented by the line OM of FIG. 11B, the outertubular member is retracted in relation to the inner tubular member toposition N. The inner tubular member of FIG. 11B remains in the sameposition as the inner tubular member was positioned in FIG. 10B atposition L. The distal end of the outer tubular member 120 is retractedto a proximal end of the expandable member 140, as depicted in FIG. 11A.

FIG. 11C shows the length-stiffness graph of the catheter as depicted inFIG. 11A. The line C of FIG. 11C represents the combination of the firststiffness profile (stiffness profile of the inner tubular member) withthe second stiffness profile (stiffness profile of the outer tubularmember) as the outer tubular member is retracted to position N. At agiven position along the length of the catheter, the catheter will havea given stiffness based on the graph of FIG. 11C when the outer tubularmember is at position N. In contrast to FIG. 10C, FIG. 11C does notexhibit a reduced stiffness or change for line C. The selected positionof the outer tubular member can control the given stiffness of thecatheter.

FIG. 12A depicts the catheter of FIG. 10A, wherein the outer tubularmember has retracted a further distance in relation to the inner tubularmember. FIG. 12B depicts another length-stiffness graph of the innertubular member and the outer tubular member of FIG. 10A, wherein theselected position of the outer tubular member has further changedaccordingly. As represented by the line OM of FIG. 12B, the outertubular member is retracted in relation to the inner tubular member toposition W. The inner tubular member of FIG. 11B remains in the sameposition as the inner tubular member was positioned in FIGS. 10A and 10Bat position L. The distal end of the outer tubular member 120 isretracted to a distal end of the expandable member 140, as depicted inFIG. 12B.

FIG. 12C shows the length-stiffness graph of the catheter as depicted inFIG. 12A. The line C of FIG. 12C represents the combination of the firststiffness profile (stiffness profile of the inner tubular member) withthe second stiffness profile (stiffness profile of the outer tubularmember) as the outer tubular member is retracted to position W. At agiven position along the length of the catheter, the catheter will havea given stiffness based on the graph of FIG. 12C when the outer tubularmember is at position W. In FIG. 12C, the line C exhibits a highconstant stiffness over a longer period of time and has a highergradient exhibiting a decrease in stiffness, as opposed to FIGS. 10C and11C. The selected position of the outer tubular member can control thegiven stiffness of the catheter. Accordingly, a physician can alter thestiffness of the catheter stiffness profile in vivo based on theselected position of the outer tubular member relative the inner tubularmember.

Similarly, as previously discussed, the adjustable balloon catheter canfurther have a flexibility profile based on the flexibility of thecatheter. For instance, the inner tubular member can have a flexibilityprofile along the length thereof. A plurality of factors can affect theflexibility of the inner tubular member including, but not limited to,the materials of construction of the inner tubular member, the thicknessof the inner tubular member, the application of radiopaque markers, theapplication of an inner tubular member tip, and other applicablefactors. As desired, and in accordance with another aspect herein, theinner tubular member can further have a defined section of increasedlongitudinal flexibility. The plurality of factors together define theflexibility profile of the inner tubular member.

The outer tubular member can also include a flexibility profile alongthe length thereof. A plurality of factors can also affect theflexibility of the outer tubular member, including, but not limited to,the materials of construction, the thickness, markers, tips, and thelike. The outer tubular member can have a defined section of increasedlongitudinal flexibility. The plurality of factors together define theflexibility profile of the outer tubular member.

In accordance with the disclosed subject matter, the flexibility profileof the catheter can be a function of the flexibility profile of theinner tubular member, the flexibility profile of the outer tubularmember, and the selected position of the outer tubular member relativethe inner tubular member. The catheter flexibility profile can varybased on the selected position of the outer tubular member relative theinner tubular member. For a given selected position of the outer tubularmember relative the inner tubular member, the catheter flexibilityprofile can change as needed and desired, in vivo.

In accordance with the disclosed subject matter, the inner and/or outertubular member can be provided with defined sections of increasedflexibility or stiffness (i.e., durometer) along its length. This can beaccomplished in a variety of suitable ways, as further discussed below.

In one aspect of the disclosed subject matter, the inner tubular membercan be reinforced to provide higher stiffness of the inner tubularmember and thus provide a higher stiffness of the catheter itself. Forexample, at least a portion of the inner tubular member includes acoiled construction, as depicted in FIG. 13A. The coiled constructioncan further include a crimp at an end of the inner tubular member. Thecrimp can further stabilize the outer diameter of the tubular member.FIG. 13B depicts the inner tubular member having a coiled constructionwith a crimp 112 at an end of the inner tubular member. The coiledconstruction can include a metallic material, such as but not limitedto, stainless steel including 302, 304V, 316L; 35N LT®; CP Titanium; PtAlloys; DFT®; Ti 6Al-4V ELI; L-605; and Nitinol.

The coiled construction can further include a multi-coil constructionfor the inner tubular member for even greater stiffness and/orflexibility. FIG. 13C depicts the inner tubular member having amulti-coil construction. In one embodiment, at least a portion of thecoiled construction can be made of radiopaque material. In anotherembodiment, at least a portion of the inner tubular member includes abraided construction. The braided construction can also include ametallic material, such as but not limited to, stainless steel including302, 304V, 316L; 35N LT®; CP Titanium; Pt Alloys; DFT®; Ti 6Al-4V ELI;L-605; and Nitinol. The braided construction can have a higher densityat a distal segment of the distal end portion of the inner tubularmember and the higher density can function as a marker, as depicted inFIG. 13D. In another embodiment, coil element 113 or a coil tube can bedisposed at the distal end thereof, as depicted in FIG. 13F.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, forpurpose of illustration and not limitation, at least a portion of theinner tubular member can include a hypotube 114. For purposes ofillustration and not limitation, the hypotube can be made of suitablematerial, such as stainless steel or Nitinol. For increased flexibility,the hypotube can include one or more cuts or slits, such as formed by alaser, to define flexible hinge-like regions as disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 7,780,716; 7,794,489; and 7,799,065; which are incorporated byreference herein in their entirety. The hypotube can include a marker 83at the distal end thereof as depicted in FIG. 13E.

According to another embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, atleast a portion of the inner tubular member can further include atapered shaft. The tapered shaft can increase flexibility and improveoverall pushability of the catheter. According to another embodiment,the inner tubular member can include a compound shaft material as knownin the art.

In FIG. 14, the proximal end of a balloon catheter is depicted. In thisembodiment, the proximal end includes a hypotube reinforcement toincrease stiffness at the proximal end of the catheter. The increasedstiffness at the proximal end of the catheter can increase thepushability during insertion into a patient's luminal system. Forexample, and not limitation, a catheter for peripheral vascular use caninclude a hypotube and can have a length of approximately 250 mm. In afurther embodiment, the tube can include synthetic materials, asdepicted in FIG. 13G. Spirals and cuts can be employed to transitionfrom any type of reinforcement or hypotube to an adjacent structure,such as a polymer tube. Other reinforcement techniques known in the artcan also be used.

In another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, the outer tubularmember can be further reinforced to provide higher stiffness of theouter tubular member and thus provide a higher stiffness of the catheteritself. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the outer tubularmember includes a coiled construction. For example, but not limitation,a catheter can include an outer tubular member including a coiledconstruction. FIG. 15A depicts the outer tubular member having a coiledconstruction. The coiled construction can be disposed at the distal endof the outer tubular member. The coiled construction can include avariety of suitable materials, such as but not limited to, stainlesssteel including 302, 304V, 316L; 35N LT®; CP Titanium; Pt Alloys; DFT®;Ti 6Al-4V ELI; L-605; and Nitinol. The coiled construction of the outertubular member can further include a crimp 122 as depicted in FIG. 15B.The coiled construction can further include a multi-coil constructionfor the outer tubular member for even greater stiffness. FIG. 15Cdepicts the outer tubular member having a multi-coil construction.

In another embodiment and as provided in FIG. 15D, at least a portion ofthe outer tubular member includes a braided construction. For example,but not limitation, a 014 catheter system can include an outer tubularmember with a braided construction. The braided construction can alsoinclude a metallic material, such as but not limited to, stainless steelincluding 302, 304V, 316L; 35N LT®; CP Titanium; Pt Alloys; DFT®; Ti6Al-4V ELI; L-605; and Nitinol. In other embodiments, the outer tubularmember does not include a braided configuration.

In another embodiment, the material construction of the outer tubularmember can be varied to further provide stiffness of the outer tubularmember and thus provide stiffness for the catheter itself For example, aproximal portion of outer tubular member embodied herein can include afirst material and the distal portion of outer tubular member caninclude a second, different material at its distal end. The outertubular member can also define an intermediate region wherein the firstmaterial is blended with the second material. For example, the firstmaterial can be a first polymer material and the second material can bea second, different polymer material.

In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, thedistal portion of the outer tubular member can have a length of rangingbetween approximately 75-125 mm for use in peripheral vascularindications, and outer tubular member can have a total length of up toabout 1200 mm. It is understood that the dimensions of the outer tubularmember will depend on the intended application. The second polymermaterial incorporated into distal portion of the outer tubular membercan be less stiff than the first polymer material in proximal portion ofthe outer tubular member. For example, the first polymer material caninclude NYLON 12 and the second polymer material can include NYLON 68D.Other polymer materials however, can be used in lieu of or incombination with the above-described materials. For example, a blockcopolymer material such as PEBAX® 7233 can be used. Alternatively, othermaterials such as polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polyurethanes can be used.

Variation in stiffness or flexibility can be predetermined by blendingthe materials in varying proportions along the length of the outertubular member such that the majority of material at the proximal end ofthe outer tubular member is NYLON 12 and the majority of material atdistal end of the outer tubular member is NYLON 68. It is also withinthe scope of the disclosed subject matter to vary the rigidity of theouter tubular member by varying the diameter along the outer tubularmember.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, theinner tubular member and/or the outer tubular member can each include adistal tip configuration.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matterreferring to FIGS. 16 and 17, for purpose of illustration and notlimitation, an embodiment of a balloon catheter in accordance with thedisclosed subject matter is depicted in its delivery configuration withthe outer tubular member fully extended, and in its expandedconfiguration with the outer tubular member retracted, respectively. Thedistal end 123 of the outer tubular member and the distal tip 61 of theinner tubular member each include a marker. The distal tip 61 of theinner tubular member can include a radiopaque marker 63 to enhancevisibility of the distal tip within a patient's vasculature, as furtherdescribed herein. The distance between the marker of the inner tubularmember and marker of the outer tubular member when the outer tubularmember is retracted indicates the working length of balloon that isexposed.

Alternatively or additionally, a scale or markers can be disposed on theproximal end of the catheter to aid in length adjustment, as furtherdiscussed herein. The distal tip can be constructed of a soft polymermaterial which includes tungsten as the marker. The soft tip can preventdamage to the vessel walls while the catheter is within a patient'svasculature.

Further, for purpose of illustration and not limitation, FIG. 18 depictsthe expandable member in a deflated configuration with the outer tubularmember fully extended. In this embodiment, the outer tubular member doesnot include a tip and the outer tubular member does not include a markerat the distal end. In this embodiment, the distal tip of the innertubular member is sized to engage against the outer tubular member andprevent over-extension of the outer tubular member distally. FIG. 19depicts the expandable member in the inflated configuration with theouter tubular member retracted. The distal tip, as shown, also canprovide a seal preventing or decreasing the exposure of the expandablemember to the patient's blood until the catheter is at the treatmentsite and the outer tubular member is retracted. The distal tip asembodied herein also provides a smoother transition between the proximalend of the tip and the distal end of the outer tubular member. Inanother embodiment, the distal tip can be formed by rounding of thedistal end of the inner tubular member. This reduces loss of therapeuticagent, if applied to the expandable member.

In another embodiment, the outer tubular member includes a distal tip atthe distal end thereof. FIG. 20A depicts the distal tip 71 of the outertubular member with a metal marker 73 on the distal end of the outertubular member 120. In this embodiment, the inner tubular member 110does not include a tip at a distal end thereof. FIG. 20B depicts thedistal tip 71 of the outer tubular member wherein the distal end of theouter tubular member includes a soft tip with a marker. As discussedabove, one method of achieving the depicted configuration is through theuse of tungsten loaded polymers. In other embodiments of the disclosedsubject matter, both the inner tubular member and the outer tubularmember can include distal tips, respectively. FIG. 20C depicts thedistal tip 61 of the inner tubular member and the distal tip 71 of theouter tubular member, both of which can include markers and can be softat their respective distal ends. The tips of the inner tubular memberand the outer tubular member can contribute to the stiffness orflexibility of the catheter, as previously discussed herein.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosed subject matter, theadjustable balloon catheter 100 can include a plurality of radiopaquemarkers. The markers can be placed in a variety of suitable locationsalong the catheter including, but not limited to, the inner tubularmember, the outer tubular member, and the expandable member.

Reference is made to FIG. 21 for purpose of illustration and notlimitation, which depicts an embodiment of the distal end of theadjustable balloon catheter. FIG. 21 depicts a plurality of markersdistributed along the adjustable length catheter. The distal tip 61 ofthe inner tubular member includes a radiopaque marker 63. Further, asshown, the inner tubular member includes at least one proximal markerproximal to the distal marker. In the embodiment of FIG. 21, radiopaquemarkers extend from the distal end of the inner tubular member, alongthe length towards its proximal end. The markers 75 can extend along aportion of the inner tubular member within the expandable member. Atleast one proximal marker can be located proximate a center of theworking length of the expandable member. The markers can continue to theproximal end of the inner tubular member including markers on thehypotube, if provided. In this embodiment, the outer tubular memberincludes a marker 73 at the distal end thereof. The marker 73 can bepositioned at a tip of the outer tubular member or independent of anytip at the outer tubular member. In embodiments where the inner tubularmember includes a coiled construction as discussed below, a radiopaquemarker can be provided with the coiled construction or at least aportion of the coiled construction can be made of radiopaque material.The marker in this embodiment can be a separate radiopaque memberattached to the member, or can be applied by any suitable method,including but not limited to, a vapor depositing process, as known inthe industry.

In one embodiment, the radiopaque markers are strategically spaced apredetermined distance apart from each other to gauge the working lengthof the expandable member. The markers are spaced at known incrementsfrom each other allowing a physician to determine the exact length ofthe expandable member that is exposed and to determine the location ofother portions of the catheter. For example, each radiopaque marker canbe spaced approximately 10 mm apart along a portion of the inner tubularmember. Additionally, or alternatively, gradients or similar indicia canprovided on the proximal end of the adjustable balloon catheter toidentify the distance in which the outer tubular member has beenretracted and thus the exposed length of the expandable member.

The expandable member can also include markers. The markers can bepositioned at a plurality of suitable locations, including, but notlimited to, the distal end of the expandable member and the proximal endof the expandable member. In one embodiment, a radiopaque marker 145 isapplied to the exterior of the expandable member with a pattern todefine a length, diameter or other characteristic when inflated, asdepicted in FIG. 22. The marker in this embodiment can be applied by avapor depositing, as known in the industry.

The markers can include any suitable material. For example, the markerscan be constructed of a polymer filled or impregnated with a radiopaquematerial and can further include, but not limited to, PPS, Tungsten, andglass fiber combination; PA12 and ceramics combination; PEEK andceramics combination; and a PBT and ceramics combination.

In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter, amethod of deploying a medical device is provided. The method includesproviding an adjustable balloon catheter including any of a combinationof the features as previously described. The method further includesinserting the catheter into a body lumen of a patient and retracting theouter tubular member in a proximal direction to define the exposedlength of the working length of the expandable member. The retractingcan further include selecting the exposed length of the expandablemember such that an outer diameter of the expandable member isselectively determined by the outer tubular member. The exposed lengthof the expandable member is inflated to the inflated configuration, suchas by introducing fluid into the inflation lumen. The expandable memberis deflated to the deflated configuration and withdrawn from the bodylumen of a patient.

Accordingly, a physician can selectively expose as much of the balloonas needed in order to perform the desired treatment. Thus, in accordancewith the disclosed subject matter, a physician can treat a vascularsection of varying length using an expandable member or balloon of onelength by selectively exposing the desired length as shown in FIGS.24A-D for the purpose of illustration and not limitation. The additionalaspects and benefits of the method performed using the catheter asdisclosed are evident and described in detail in conjunction with thevarious features of the device.

The inner and outer tubular members of the adjustable balloon cathetereach can be single piece construction, or an assembly of components, andcan be made of any suitable material. For example, suitable materialsinclude, but are not limited to polymer materials such as nylon,urethane, polyurethane, PEEK, PTFE, PVDF, Kynar, PE, HDPE, a trilayermaterial including L25, Plexar, or polyethylene of various suitabledensities. As a further exemplary alternative, the outer tubular memberscan be constructed of a composite comprising a fabrication of severaldifferent materials, such as a co-extrusion of different polymers, or afiber-reinforced composite material such as fiber reinforced resinmaterials or braided materials. For example and not limitation,exemplary embodiments can include a braided tube with a PTFE liner, aPolymide middle layer with braiding and a Pebax 72D outer layer, aspreviously described. Furthermore, a portion of the inner and/or outertubular members can be constructed of an alloy or metallic material,such as stainless steel hypodermic tubing which is available fromMicroGroup® Inc., Medway, Md. among other vendors. Other materials forthe outer tubular member include PEEK; a trilayer material of L25,Plexar, HDPE; or a braided tube with a PTFE liner, a Polyimide middlelayer with braiding and a Pebax 72D outer layer.

It is further contemplated that the inner and outer tubular members canbe constructed of other biocompatible material. As such, the inner andouter tubular members of the adjustable balloon catheter can beconstructed from the above-identified polymers, combinations or blendsof these polymers, whether alone or in combination with other materials,or other bioabsorbable materials.

The inner and outer tubular members can be manufactured using a varietyof known techniques such as, but not limited to, those techniquespreviously discussed and extrusion, injection molding, air-blowing,stretching, deep drawing, polymerization, cross-linking, dipping fromsolution, powder depositioning, sintering, electro-spinning, meltspinning, deformation under temperature, stretch blowing, chemicalgrafting any combination of the above with reinforcement element likemetal braids, coils, glass fibers, carbon fibers and other kind oforganic or inorganic fibers, liquid crystals, as well as classicalmachining technologies like milling, drilling, grinding, etc. In theevent that metallic elements such as hypotubes, are to be incorporated,various metallic manufacturing techniques can be used, such as but notlimited to, machining, tube drawing processes, drilling, milling EDM,other deformation methods, plating sputtering, electrografting,sintering, and depositioning e-polishing, among others. Additionally,the inner and/or outer tubular members can be constructed frompolypropylene or urethane by an extrusion process using an extruder suchas that available any of a number of known suppliers, such as MedicalExtrusion Technologies, Inc. Murrieta, Calif. U.S. Biosynthetic polymermaterials can be constructed in a bioreactor according to the processdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,152, the entirety of which is herebyincorporated by reference. The materials can be post processed in anumber of ways including, for example and not by way of limitation,extrusion, molding, such as by injection or dipping, textile processingsuch as weaving or braiding, and forming. Forming processes that can besuitable are rolling and welding sheets of material or vacuum forminginto tubular shapes, to name only a few examples.

The inner and outer tubular members can be further coated with any of avariety of materials and techniques to enhance performance if desired,including a number suitable coatings and coating techniques subject topatent matters owned by Abbott Laboratories such as U.S. Pat. Nos.6,541,116, 6,287,285, and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0009535, theentireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. For example,possible coating materials include lubricious materials such as Teflon®available from DuPont De Nemours, Wilmington, Del., U.S., andhydrophobic materials such as silicone lubricant dispersion PN 4097,available from Applied Silicone Corp., Ventura, Calif., U.S., orhydrophilic materials such as hydrogel available from Hydromer,Branchburg, N.J., U.S., or lubricious coatings such as those availablefrom Hydro-Silk of Merritt Island, Fla., U.S. The inner and outertubular members can have any suitable cross-sectional shape, includingelliptical, polygon, or prismatic, although a circular cross-section iscommon. The inner and outer tubular members can also have any suitablesize and diameter depending upon the desired application. Furthermore,in the case of a balloon catheter with a “rapid exchange” (RX) guidewiredesign, the adjustable balloon catheter can have an overall lengthbetween about 110 centimeters and 400 centimeters. In the case of aballoon catheter with an “over the wire” (OTW) guidewire design, theadjustable balloon catheter can have an overall length between about 110centimeters and 400 centimeters. In one embodiment, the adjustableballoon catheter in accordance with the disclosed subject matter is acompatible 4 French introducer sheath BTK balloon device.

As previously disclosed, the expandable member can have a multilayeredconstruction. For purposes of illustration and not limitation, FIGS. 23Aand 23B illustrate a balloon catheter with the balloon 140 in theinflated configuration to expand against a wall of a body lumen. Theouter tubular member 120 defines the length of the balloon 140, asdepicted in FIG. 23A although the working length could be less than theentire length. For example, as previously noted, the outer tubularmember can be configured as a stop mechanism to ensure the proximal endportion remains within the outer tubular member. When treatment iscomplete, the balloon 140 is then deflated to allow for repositioning orremoval of the catheter from the body lumen. FIG. 23B illustrates, forthe purpose of illustration and not limitation, a transverse crosssection of the catheter of FIG. 23A, taken along line B-B.

Although not illustrated, the balloon 140 of the disclosed subjectmatter can have a folded non-inflated configuration with wings wrappedaround the balloon to form a low profile configuration for introductionand advancement within a patient's body lumen. As a result, the ballooninflates to a nominal working diameter by unfolding and filling themolded volume of the balloon.

As shown in FIG. 23A, for the purpose of illustration and notlimitation, the balloon 140 has a first layer 30, and a second layer 31which is an inner layer relative to the first layer 30. In theillustrated embodiment, the second layer 31 is on an inner surface ofthe first layer 30, with the first layer 30 defining an outer surface ofthe balloon 140 and the second layer 31 defining an inner surface of theballoon 140. The first layer 30 defines the inner chamber 35 of theballoon 140. However, the balloon 140 of the disclosed subject mattercan alternatively have one or more additional layers (not shown).Additional layer(s) increase the dimensions of the tube/balloon formedtherefrom to a desired value, and/or can be used to provide an inner orouter surface of the balloon with a desired characteristic. Therefore,it should be understood that the balloon 140 of the disclosed subjectmatter has at least two layers, and optionally includes one or moreadditional layers.

The first (outer) layer 30 can be formed of a first polymeric material,and the second (inner) layer 31 is formed of a second polymeric materialthat can be expanded to a higher BUR than the first polymeric material.The second (inner) layer 31 can be at a BUR which is typically about 15%to about 40% greater than the BUR of the first (outer) layer 30. Eachlayer 30, 31 can be at its maximum BUR, so that the balloon has layersof highly oriented material and, consequently, a very low compliance.

A variety of suitable materials can be used to form the first and secondlayers 30, 31, including polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyesters, andblend thereof. In one embodiment, the first and second polymericmaterials are elastomers providing a relatively low flexural modulus forballoon flexibility, although nonelastomers can alternatively be used.In one embodiment, materials are from the same polymeric family/classsuch as polyamides including nylons and polyether block amides (PEBAX®).Forming the layers of compatible polymeric materials allows for heatfusion bonding the layers together. The layers can alternatively beformed of different polymer classes which are not sufficientlycompatible to fusion bond together, in which case a tie layer istypically provided between the outer and inner layers 30, 31 to bond theballoon layers together. For example, a PET inner layer and a PEBAX®typically have a tie layer of an adhesive polymer such as Primacor (afunctionalized polyolefin) therebetween.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosed subject matter, theballoon 140 can be formed by a method in which the layers of materialthat can be expanded to higher BURs are the inner layers of the balloontubing, and lower BUR materials are the outer layers, and the balloon isblow-molded such that each layer is optimized for radial orientation.The resulting balloon has an increased resistance to radial expansion atincreasing inflation pressures.

The balloon 140 can be blow-molded from a multilayered tube which hasthe first layer 30, and the second layer 31 as an inner layer relativeto the first layer 30. However, as discussed above, a balloon of thedisclosed subject matter can have one or more additional layers, so thatthe tubing used to blow-mold the balloon would similarly be formed withthe additional layer(s). The tube is typically formed by coextrusion,although a variety of suitable method can be used. For example, in oneembodiment, a multilayered tube is formed by coextruding at least twolayers, and one or more additional layers are added to the coextrudedtube for example by heat shrinking, dip coating, adhesive or fusionbonding, or frictionally engaging the additional layer(s) to thecoextruded tube.

The multilayered tube can be then radially expanded in a balloon mold toform the balloon 140. The inner diameter of the mold typically is aboutequal to the nominal working diameter of the expanded balloon 140. Themultilayered tube is typically stretched axially and heated during blowmolding in the balloon mold, as is conventionally known. For example, inone embodiment, the tube is longitudinally stretched by about 200%during blow molding, which produces a biaxially oriented balloon. Thesingle wall thickness of the tube (prior to being radially expanded inthe mold) is about 0.1 to about 0.4 mm, and the single wall thickness ofthe resulting balloon (radially expanded in the mold) is about 0.01 toabout 0.04 mm, depending on the desired balloon characteristics anduses.

The materials and dimensions of the multilayered tube and balloon moldcan be selected so that each layer of the resulting balloon has beenradially expanded to substantially its maximum possible amount,expressed as the BUR of the balloon layers. In one embodiment, the outerlayer 30 has a higher Shore durometer hardness and therefore lowerelongation than the one or more inner layers. The elongation of eachlayer is typically about 10% to about 50%, and more specifically about20% more than the elongation of the outer layer immediately adjacentthereto.

In one embodiment, the first (outer) layer 30 is a PEBAX® having a Shoredurometer hardness of about 72D, and the second (inner) layer 31 is aPEBAX® having a Shore durometer hardness of about 63D. The PEBAX®72Douter layer 30 typically has a BUR of between about 6 and 7, and thePEBAX® 63D inner layer 31 a BUR of between about 7 and 8 or 7 and 9.

In one embodiment, a mid layer (not shown) of intermediate BUR and/ordurometer hardness is provided between the outer and inner layers 30,31. For example, in one embodiment, the balloon 140 has a first, outerlayer 30 of PEBAX 72D, a second, inner layer 31 of PEBAX 63D, and amidlayer (not shown) therebetween of PEBAX 70D. In one embodiment, theinner and mid layers have a smaller wall thickness than the highestdurometer layer therearound, and typically together make up about 5% toabout 15% of the total wall thickness of the multilayered balloon. Theballoon 140 can similarly have one or more additional layers (not shown)which similarly continue the pattern of sequentially increasing BURand/or durometer from the inner toward the outer layers of the balloon.However, in one embodiment, the balloon 140 has a relatively softouter-most layer (not shown) having a Shore durometer hardness less thanthe immediately adjacent inner layer of the balloon, which canfacilitate embedding a stent 16 (shown in FIG. 23A) into the outersurface of the balloon for improved stent retention. Such a relativelysoft outer-most layer typically has of a relatively low Shore durometerhardness of about 40D to about 55D.

The multilayered balloon of the disclosed subject matter has a lowcompliance, and a relatively high rupture pressure, particularly whencompared to a balloon of otherwise similar construction but formedsolely of the highest durometer material used to make the multilayeredballoon of the disclosed subject matter (e.g., a 72D PEBAX® outer layerof multilayered balloon 140), or compared to a balloon formed of layersof different durometer materials but not layered in accordance with thedisclosed subject matter. The compliance is typically determined for thepressure range extending from the nominal pressure (i.e., the pressurerequired to fill the molded volume of the balloon to the blow-moldednominal diameter) to the burst pressure or the rated burst pressure ofthe balloon. The rated burst pressure (RBP), calculated from the averagerupture pressure, is the pressure at which 99.9% of the balloons can bepressurized to without rupturing, with 95% confidence.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosed subject matter, themultilayered balloon 140 has a nominal pressure of about 6 to about 12atm, and more typically of about 7 to about 9 atm, and a RBP of about 14to about 22 atms, more typically about 18 to about 20 atms. The rupturepressure is typically about equal to, greater than, or not substantiallyless than (i.e., not more than about 5% to about 15% less than) arupture pressure of a balloon of otherwise similar construction butformed solely of the highest durometer material.

In one embodiment, a multilayered balloon of the disclosed subjectmatter having at least a 72D PEBAX® outer layer and a 63D PEBAX® innerlayer reaches the nominal diameter of the balloon at about 8 to about 9atm, and thereafter stretches in a noncompliant manner with a complianceof about 0.01 to about 0.02 mm/atm within the working pressure range(e.g., 8-20 atm) of the multilayered balloon to a diameter which is notmore than about 8% greater than the nominal diameter.

Due to the presence of the softer durometer inner layer(s), the flexuralmodulus of a multilayered balloon of the disclosed subject matter isexpected generally to be about 90% to about 95% of the flexural modulusof a balloon consisting of the first (e.g., higher durometer)elastomeric polymeric material of the layer 30. Additional details andexamples of suitable multilayer balloons for use in the disclosedsubject matter are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,828,766, the contents ofwhich is incorporated herein in its entirety.

A wide variety of suitable materials can be used for the expandablemember in accordance with the disclosed subject matter. For example, theexpandable member can be made from polymeric material, includingcompliant, semi-compliant, or non-compliant polymeric material orpolymeric blends.

In one embodiment, the polymeric material is a polyamide/polyether blockcopolymer (commonly referred to as PEBA or polyether-block-amide). Thepolyamide and polyether segments of the block copolymers can be linkedthrough amide or ester linkages. The polyamide block can be selectedfrom various aliphatic or aromatic polyamides known in the art. Somenon-limiting examples of an aliphatic include nylon 12, nylon 11, nylon9, nylon 6, nylon 6/12, nylon 6/11, nylon 6/9, and nylon 6/6. In oneembodiment, the polyamide is nylon 12. The polyether block can beselected from various polyethers known in the art. Some non-limitingexamples of polyether segments include poly(tetramethylene ether),tetramethylene ether, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol,poly(pentamethylene ether) and poly(hexamethylene ether). Commerciallyavailable PEBA material can also be utilized such as for example, PEBAX®materials supplied by Arkema (France). Additionally balloon grillamidcan be used as the material for the expandable member. Varioustechniques for forming a balloon from polyamide/polyether blockcopolymer are known in the art. One such example is disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 6,406,457 to Wang, the disclosure of which is incorporated byreference in its entirety.

In another embodiment, the expandable member is formed from polyamides.The polyamide can have substantial tensile strength, is resistant topin-holing even after folding and unfolding, and is generally scratchresistant, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,500,148 toPinchuk, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference inits entirety. Some non-limiting examples of polyamide materials suitablefor the balloon include nylon 12, nylon 11, nylon 9, nylon 69 and nylon66. Other suitable materials for constructing non-compliant balloons arepolyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate) (PET), Hytrelthermoplastic polyester, and poly(ethylene.

In another embodiment, the balloon is formed of a polyurethane material,such as TECOTHANE® (Thermedics). TECOTHANE® is a thermoplastic,aromatic, polyether polyurethane synthesized from methylene disocyanate(MDI), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) and 1,4 butanediol chainextender. TECOTHANE® grade 1065D can be used and has a Shore durometerof 65D, an elongation at break of about 300%, and a high tensilestrength at yield of about 10,000 psi. However, other suitable gradescan be used, including TECOTHANE® 1075D, having a Shore D hardness of75. Other suitable compliant polymeric materials include ENGAGE® (DuPontDow Elastomers (an ethylene alpha-olefin polymer)) and EXACT® (ExxonChemical), both of which are thermoplastic polymers. Other suitablecompliant materials include, but are not limited to, elastomericsilicones, latexes, and urethanes.

The compliant material can be cross linked or uncrosslinked, dependingupon the balloon material and characteristics required for a particularapplication. The polyurethane balloon materials are not crosslinked.However, other suitable materials, such as the polyolefinic polymersENGAGE® and EXACT®, can be crosslinked. By crosslinking the ballooncompliant material, the final inflated balloon size can be controlled.Conventional crosslinking techniques can be used including thermaltreatment and E-beam exposure. After crosslinking, initialpressurization, expansion, and preshrinking, the balloon will thereafterexpand in a controlled manner to a reproducible diameter in response toa given inflation pressure, and thereby avoid over expanding the balloonto an undesirably large diameter.

In another embodiment, the balloon is formed from a low tensile setpolymer such as a silicone-polyurethane copolymer. Thesilicone-polyurethane can be an ether urethane and more specifically analiphatic ether urethane such as PURSIL AL 575A and PURSIL AL10,(Polymer Technology Group), and ELAST-EON 3-70A (Elastomedics), whichare silicone polyether urethane copolymers, and more specifically,aliphatic ether urethane cosiloxanes. In an alternative embodiment, thelow tensile set polymer is a diene polymer. A variety of suitable dienepolymers can be used such as, but not limited to, an isoprene such as anAB and ABA polystyrene-block-isoprene), a neoprene, an AB and ABApolystyrene-block-butadiene) such as styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) andstyrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and 1,4-polybutadiene. In oneembodiment, the diene polymer is an isoprene including isoprenecopolymers and isoprene block copolymers such aspoly(styrene-block-isoprene).

In one embodiment, the isoprene is a styrene-isoprene-styrene blockcopolymer, such as Kraton 1161K available from Kraton, Inc. However, avariety of suitable isoprenes can be used including HT 200 availablefrom Apex Medical, Kraton R 310 available from Kraton, and isoprene(i.e., 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) available from Dupont Elastomers.Neoprene grades useful in the disclosed subject matter include HT 501available from Apex Medical, and neoprene (i.e., polychloroprene)available from Dupont Elastomers, including Neoprene G, W, T and A typesavailable from Dupont Elastomers. Examples of other balloon and catheterembodiments which can be employed in accordance with the disclosedsubject matter include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,748,982; 5,496,346; 5,626,600;5,300,085; and 6,406,457 and application Ser. Nos. 12/371,426;11/539,944; and 12/371,422, each of which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosed subject matter, theexpandable member is a balloon having a multilayer construction. Themultilayer construction can include at least a first layer and a secondlayer having a combined wall thickness. As embodied herein, for purposeof illustration and not limitation, the first layer is made of a firstpolymer material having a first maximum blow-up-ratio, and the secondlayer is made of a second polymer material having a second maximumblow-up-ratio greater than the first maximum blow-up-ratio. The at leastfirst and second layers define a compliance less than that of a singlelayer made of the first polymer material with a wall thickness equal tothe combined wall thickness.

A multilayered balloon of the disclosed subject matter can be formed inwhole or in part of coextruded polymeric tubular layers, and providesfor ease of manufacture of the balloon and balloon catheter formedtherefrom. The multilayered balloon is typically formed by conventionalblow-molding in which a multilayered polymeric tube is radially expandedwithin a balloon mold. The resulting multilayered balloon has aninflated shape which corresponds to the inner surface of the mold andwhich has a diameter about equal to the inner diameter of the balloonmold, commonly referred to as the balloon's nominal working diameter.The nominal pressure is the inflation pressure required to fill theballoon to the nominal working diameter. In accordance with thedisclosed subject matter, the balloon expands a very small amount (i.e.,noncompliantly) at pressures above the nominal pressure. As a result,the balloon minimizes injury to a patient's blood vessel, which canotherwise occur if the balloon continues to expand a substantialuncontrolled amount at increasing inflation pressures above nominal.

The blow-up-ratio (BUR) of the balloon formed from a polymer tube shouldbe understood to refer to the ratio of the outer diameter of the blownballoon expanded within the mold (i.e., the mold inner diameter) to theinner diameter of the polymer tube prior to being expanded in the mold.Each individual layer of the multilayered balloon similarly has its ownBUR based on the ratio of the inner diameter of the mold and the innerdiameter (prior to expansion in the mold) of the layer of the polymerictube. For a given balloon wall thickness, the rupture strength generallyincreases and the radial compliance decreases as the balloon BURincreases. For standard pressure driven blow molding of catheterballoons, typical BURs range from about 4.5 to about 8.0 depending onthe material and the product application.

A multilayer balloon in accordance with the disclosed subject matterincreases the amount of balloon material that is highly oriented in theradial direction, to provide a balloon with limited radial expansion atincreasing inflation pressures (i.e., to provide a noncompliantballoon). Specifically, a multilayered balloon of the disclosed subjectmatter has polymeric materials that can be expanded to higher BURs asthe inner layer(s) of the balloon, while lower BUR materials are theouter layer(s) of the balloon. In one embodiment, the balloon has afirst layer of a first polymeric material and a second layer of a secondpolymeric material which has a lower Shore durometer hardness than thefirst polymeric material and which can be expanded during balloonblowing to a higher BUR (without rupturing or tearing) than the higherShore durometer hardness material of the first layer, and the secondlayer is an inner layer relative to the first layer. For example, in oneembodiment, the multilayered balloon inner layer is formed of apolyether block amide (PEBA) material (e.g., commercially available asPEBAX®) having a Shore durometer hardness of about 60-70D while theouter layer is formed of a PEBA material having a higher Shore durometerhardness of about 70-72D. However, a variety of suitable materials canbe used including materials which are of the same materialclassification/family, or different classes of materials. Themultilayered balloon generally has two or more layers (i.e., layersformed of materials which differ in some respect such as different Shoredurometer hardnesses), although it typically does not have more thanfive layers.

Despite presence of the lower durometer material forming the second(inner) layer of the multilayered balloon, a multilayer balloon of thedisclosed subject matter provides a balloon which has a very lowcompliance. For example, a balloon of the disclosed subject matterhaving a first (outer) layer of a first durometer, and one or more innerlayer(s) of successively lower durometers (i.e., increasingly softermaterials), has a lower compliance than a balloon having about the samewall thickness but formed of 100% of the highest durometer material(i.e., the material forming the outer-most layer of the balloon of thedisclosed subject matter). Compared to a balloon formed of 100% of thehighest durometer material, a balloon of the disclosed subject matterhas effectively replaced a part of the balloon wall thickness with thelayer(s) of lower durometer (softer) material(s), which would typicallybe expected to increase the compliance. While not wishing to be bound bytheory, it is believed that the balloon provides the noncompliantbehavior through the specific combination of highly oriented layers ofthe balloon, and particularly by maximizing the orientation of the innerlayer(s) of the balloon. The inner layer orientation significantlyaffects compliance of the balloon. By selecting and arranging differentmaterials that can be blown to different BURs in accordance with thedisclosed subject matter, the balloon has layers with successivelyincreasing BURs from the outer to the inner layer(s), such that the BURof each layer can be maximized and the inner layer(s) have particularlyhigh BURs. The layers of the balloon are therefore optimized forcompliance purposes. Although additional layers may be added to theballoon, to, for example, increase the total wall thickness to a desiredvalue, the arrangement of the basic layers in accordance with thedisclosed subject matter cannot be varied without resulting in a highercompliance balloon.

Additionally, the disclosed subject matter can alternatively provide fora multilayer balloon with a low compliance but with very thin walls. Forexample, one embodiment is directed to a multilayered balloon having afirst (outer) layer of a first durometer material and one or more innerlayer(s) of successively lower durometer materials which has acompliance not substantially greater than (e.g., not more than about 10%to about 20% greater than), and approximately about equal to a balloonwhich is formed of 100% of the highest durometer material but which hasa larger wall thickness than the multilayered balloon of the disclosedsubject matter. The embodiment of the balloon having a very thin totalwall thickness provides an improved low profile and flexibility due tothe thinner walls of the balloon, but, in accordance with the disclosedsubject matter, nonetheless continues to provide a low compliancedespite the thin wall.

The rupture pressure and compliance of a balloon are affected by thestrength (e.g., hoop strength) of a balloon. Because a softer materialgenerally has a relatively lower hoop strength, the presence of thelower durometer material forming the inner layer(s) of the balloon isnot generally expected to provide a relatively higher modulus balloon.However, a multilayered balloon of the disclosed subject matter can havea higher modulus than, and a rupture pressure which is not substantiallyless than, a balloon formed of 100% of the highest durometer material.

The presence of the lower durometer material inner layer(s) does providelayers of increased softness, and therefore can provide a balloon thatis softer and more flexible than a balloon formed of 100% of the highestdurometer material.

A balloon of the disclosed subject matter can arrange layers so that thehighest durometer material has on an inner surface thereof a layer of alower durometer material, and configures the layers to provide for amaximized BUR which produces an improved combination of characteristicsincluding a very low compliance. However, with the inner layer(s) of theballoon of the disclosed subject matter optimized for compliancepurposes as discussed above, one embodiment of a balloon of thedisclosed subject matter has an outer-most layer of a relatively softmaterial, to, for example, enhance stent retention, it desired.

The compliance of the balloon should be understood to refer to thedegree to which the polymeric wall of the balloon stretches/distends asthe balloon expands beyond the nominal diameter of the balloon. Thecompliance curve expresses the balloon outer diameter as a function ofincreasing inflation pressure in millimeters/atmospheres (mm/atm), sothat a steeper curve or section of the curve indicates a highercompliance than a flatter curve. The term “noncompliant”, should beunderstood to mean a balloon with compliance of not greater than about0.03 mm/atm, and in one embodiment not greater than about 0.025 mm/atm.In contrast, compliant balloons typically have a compliance of greaterthan about 0.045 mm/atm. A noncompliant balloon of the disclosed subjectmatter generally has a compliance above nominal of about 0.01 to about0.02 mm/atm, for a 3.0 mm diameter balloon. The compliance of theballoon is typically about 25% to about 50% less than the compliance ofa balloon with a similar wall thickness but made from 100% of the first(e.g., highest durometer) material.

In one embodiment, the polymeric material of the first layer and thepolymeric material of the second layer of the multilayered balloon areelastomers, which typically have a lower flexural modulus thannonelastomers. Elastomeric polymers suitable for forming the firstand/or second layer of the multilayered balloon typically have aflexural modulus of about 40 kpsi to about 110 kpsi. Thus, unlikenonelastomeric materials such as PET, the multilayered noncompliantballoon of the disclosed subject matter can be formed of one or moreelastomers which provide for improved balloon flexibility.

Balloon in accordance with the disclosed subject matter can be formed byany suitable method. For example, one method generally comprisesselecting a first and a second polymeric material, the second polymericmaterial having been determined to have a higher maximum attainable BURthan the first polymeric material, and forming a multilayered tubehaving a first layer of the first polymeric material, and a second layerof the second polymeric material wherein the second layer is an innerlayer relative to the first layer. The maximum attainable BUR of apolymeric material is typically determined experimentally, althoughcharacteristics such as the ultimate tensile strength and elongation tobreak of the material maybe indicative at least for some materials(e.g., a material having a relatively higher ultimate tensile strengthand elongation to break is expected, in general, to have a highermaximum BUR). The inner diameter of each layer of the multilayered tubeis selected so that the ratio of the inner diameter of the balloon moldand the inner diameter of the layer of the multilayered tube (prior tobeing radially expanded in the balloon mold) is substantially at amaximum blow-up-ratio for the polymeric material forming the layer.Thus, the method includes forming the blow-molded multilayered balloonby radially expanding the multilayered tube in a mold, so that radiallyexpanding the tube to the mold inner diameter radially expands eachlayer substantially to the maximum blow-up-ratio of the polymericmaterial forming the layer, such that the multilayered balloon has alower compliance above the nominal working diameter than a balloonconsisting of the first elastomeric polymeric material.

The multilayered balloon of the disclosed subject matter provides a verylow compliance for controlled balloon expansion, without compromisingrelatively high flexibility and softness for excellent ability to trackthe patient's vasculature and cross lesions. As a result, the adjustableballoon catheter of the disclosed subject matter has improvedperformance due to the flexibility, softness, and controlled expansionof the balloon. The balloon provides the surprising result of a very lowcompliance from the addition of the lower durometer (softer) secondmaterial. Consequently, a multilayered balloon of the disclosed subjectmatter will provide a much lower compliance than a balloon with the samewall thickness but made from just the higher durometer (stiffer)material, or will provide a much thinner walled balloon but without theexpected increase in compliance.

While the disclosed subject matter is described herein in terms ofcertain embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize thatvarious modifications and improvements can be made to the disclosedsubject matter without departing from the scope thereof. Moreover,although individual features of one embodiment of the disclosed subjectmatter can be discussed herein or shown in the drawings of the oneembodiment and not in other embodiments, it should be apparent thatindividual features of one embodiment can be combined with one or morefeatures of another embodiment or features from a plurality ofembodiments.

In addition to the various embodiments depicted and claimed, thedisclosed subject matter is also directed to other embodiments havingany other possible combination of the dependent features claimed belowand those disclosed above. As such, the particular features presented inthe dependent claims and disclosed above can be combined with each otherin other manners within the scope of the disclosed subject matter suchthat the disclosed subject matter should be recognized as alsospecifically directed to other embodiments having any other possiblecombinations. Thus, the foregoing description of specific embodiments ofthe disclosed subject matter has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the disclosed subject matter to those embodiments disclosed.

Many modifications, variations, or other equivalents to the specificembodiments described above will be apparent to those familiar with theart. It is intended that the scope of this disclosed subject matter bedefined by the claims below and those modifications, variations andequivalents apparent to practitioners familiar with this art Thus, it isintended that the disclosed subject matter include modifications andvariations that are within the scope of the appended claims and theirequivalents.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An adjustable balloon catheter comprising:an inner tubular member having a proximal end portion, a distal endportion, and a length therebetween, the inner tubular member furtherhaving an inflation lumen defined therein; an expandable member coupledto the distal end portion of the inner tubular member and having aninner chamber in fluid communication with the inflation lumen, theexpandable member transitionable between a deflated configuration and aninflated configuration, the expandable member defining a longitudinalaxis and having a non-cylindrical shape along at least a portion of aworking length thereof when in the inflated configuration; an outertubular member movable relative to the inner tubular member, the outertubular member including a distal end, the outer tubular member beingmoveable between an extended position disposed over the expandablemember and a retracted position proximal to the extended position, theouter tubular member being selectively positioned between the extendedposition and the retracted position to define an exposed length of theworking length of the expandable member.
 2. The adjustable ballooncatheter according to claim 1, further comprising a flushing lumendefined between the inner tubular member and the outer tubular member,wherein the distal end of the outer tubular member has at least oneflushing port defined therethrough in fluid communication with theflushing lumen.
 3. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 2,further comprising an adaptor in fluid communication with the flushinglumen to receive a supply of contrast fluid.
 4. The adjustable ballooncatheter according to claim 1, wherein the non-cylindrical shape of theexpandable member includes a distal end section having a first diameterand a proximal end section having a second diameter when in the inflatedconfiguration, the first diameter being different than the seconddiameter.
 5. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1,wherein the non-cylindrical shape of the expandable member includes afrustro-conical shape along the longitudinal axis in the inflatedconfiguration.
 6. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1,wherein the non-cylindrical shape of the expandable member includes aspiral shape along the longitudinal axis in the inflated configuration.7. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 6, wherein thespiral shape extends radially from the longitudinal axis a varieddistance along the working length in the inflated configuration.
 8. Theadjustable balloon catheter according to claim 6, wherein an exteriorsurface of the expandable member in the inflated configuration defines aspiral flow path along the longitudinal axis.
 9. The adjustable ballooncatheter according to claim 1, wherein the expandable member includes ahelical shape along the longitudinal axis in the inflated configuration.10. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 9, wherein thehelical shape extends radially from the longitudinal axis asubstantially constant distance along the working length in the inflatedconfiguration.
 11. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 9,wherein an exterior surface of the expandable member in the inflatedconfiguration defines a helical flow path along the longitudinal axis.12. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein anexterior surface of the expandable member defines a longitudinal flowpath along the longitudinal axis.
 13. The adjustable balloon catheteraccording to claim 1, wherein an exterior surface of the expandablemember defines at least one isolated chamber along the longitudinal axisin the inflated configuration.
 14. The adjustable balloon catheteraccording to claim 13, wherein the at least one isolated chamberincludes a plurality of isolated chambers spaced apart along the workinglength.
 15. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1,wherein the expandable member further includes a cylindrical shape alonganother portion of the working length in the inflated configuration. 16.The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein theworking length of the expandable member includes a plurality ofcylindrical shaped segments spaced along the longitudinal axis.
 17. Theadjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein the expandablemember has an outer diameter dependent upon the exposed length.
 18. Theadjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein the expandablemember includes a proximal portion proximal to the working length, theproximal portion remaining with the outer tubular member when positionedin the retracted position.
 19. The adjustable balloon catheter accordingto claim 18, wherein the expandable member has a folded arrangement inthe deflated configuration, the proximal portion remaining at leastpartially folded within the outer tubular member in the inflatedconfiguration.
 20. The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1,further comprising a reinforced proximal sleeve at a proximal endportion of the expandable member.
 21. The adjustable balloon catheteraccording to claim 1, wherein the expandable member includes asemicompliant material.
 22. The adjustable balloon catheter according toclaim 1, wherein the expandable member includes compliant material. 23.The adjustable balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein theexpandable member includes a multilayer construction.
 24. The adjustableballoon catheter according to claim 23, wherein the expandable memberincludes at least a first layer and a second layer having a combinedwall thickness, wherein the first layer made of a first polymer materialhaving a first maximum blow-up-ratio and the second layer made of asecond polymer material having a second maximum blow-up-ratio greaterthan the first maximum blow-up-ratio, wherein the at least first andsecond layers define a compliance less than that of a single layer madeof the first polymer material with a wall thickness equal to thecombined wall thickness.
 25. An adjustable balloon catheter comprising:an inner tubular member having a proximal end portion, a distal endportion, and a length therebetween, the inner tubular member furtherhaving an inflation lumen defined therein; an expandable member coupledto the distal end portion of the inner tubular member and having aninner chamber in fluid communication with the inflation lumen, theexpandable member transitionable between a deflated configuration and aninflated configuration, the expandable member defining a longitudinalaxis and having a working length in the inflated configuration; and anouter tubular member movable relative to the inner tubular member, theouter tubular member including a distal end, the outer tubular memberbeing moveable between an extended position disposed over the expandablemember and a retracted position proximal to the extended position, theouter tubular member being selectively positioned between the extendedposition and the retracted position to define an exposed length of theworking length of the expandable member, wherein the inner tubularmember extends at least partially through the expandable member, theinner tubular member having a plurality of inflation ports definedtherein along the working length for fluid communication between theinflation lumen and the inner chamber.
 26. A method of deploying amedical device, comprising: providing an adjustable balloon catheterincluding an inner tubular member having a proximal end portion, adistal end portion, and a length therebetween, the inner tubular memberfurther having an inflation lumen defined therein, an expandable membercoupled to the distal end portion of the inner tubular member and havingan inner chamber in fluid communication with the inflation lumen, theexpandable member transitionable between a deflated configuration and aninflated configuration, the expandable member defining a longitudinalaxis and having a non-cylindrical shape along at least a portion of aworking length thereof when in the inflated configuration, and an outertubular member movable relative to the inner tubular member, the outertubular member including a distal end, the outer tubular member beingmoveable between an extended position disposed over the expandablemember and a retracted position proximal to the extended position, theouter tubular member being selectively positioned between the extendedposition and the retracted position to define an exposed length of theworking length of the expandable member; retracting the outer tubularmember in a proximal direction to define the exposed length of theworking length of the expandable member; inflating the exposed length ofthe expandable member to the inflated configuration; and deflating theexpandable member to the deflated configuration.
 27. The methodaccording to claim 26, wherein inflating the exposed length includesinserting the catheter into a body lumen of a patient; introducing fluidinto the inflation lumen; and withdrawing the catheter from the bodylumen of a patient.
 28. The method according to claim 26, whereinretracting the outer tubular member includes selecting the exposedlength of the expandable member, the expandable member having an outerdiameter selectively determined by the outer tubular member.